This course is designed to give first year PhD Students an aid for their academic endeavour. Just like in Research Design, the focus lies on methodological competences. At the same time, however, this course also aims at techniques rather than design strategies. The objective is to provide core compentences on how to craft a scientific text properly. Due to the concept of peer-monitoring applied in this course also social competencies will be trained.

During the first year students will be working on their academic writing style, they will be made familiar with normative writing styles and ways to publish tackling various kinds of genres, and they will help and learn from each other through peer-monitoring activities. As a base sample texts will be used and the texts students will be producing will be worked on. The course is built on three pillars:

• Knowledge Management:
  Working with databases, literature management softwares, etc.
• Publishing:
  How to write and publish various genres: abstracts, research papers, articles, data commentaries, reviews, project proposals, formatting, etc.
• Peer-Mentoring:
  Giving and receiving feed-back, presenting and reviewing, considering peer-feedback, joint writing activities, etc.

Workshops, one-on-one and think-pair-share sessions, individual and guided e-learning.

Students will be acquainted with principles of academic writing, normative writing, publishing, and peer-mentoring.

By the end of the course they will be able to make use of academic vocabulary, they will be able to discuss texts, tables, charts, and figures, and they will be sensitised about their personal and academic command of the English language.

They will be familiar with reference management systems, working with databases, formatting written texts, and academic values.

They will know principles of certain academic genres, like abstracts, research papers, articles, data commentaries, reviews, project proposals, etc.

They will be able to give and consider peer-feed-back, present and review, and they will be able to carry out joint writing activities, etc.

Natalie Reid (2010). Getting published. Writing strategies for European social scientists. Nova, Oslo. Chapter 4-11

• identify exemplary A-journal papers of your field
• provide own texts for review
• prepare and present reviews
• participate in text discussions
• prepare and present learning input

Das Modul wird im Rahmen der Instituts-Vortragsreihe durchgeführt. Das Thema wird im HS 17/18 und SS 18 Transparenz sein. Experten verschiedener Disziplinen (Architektur, Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur, Konzeptkunst, Partizipationsforschung) reflektieren aus ihrem Blickwinkel buchstäbliche, übertragene und organisatorische Bedeutungsebenen des Transparenzbegriffs.

Teilnahme an der Vortragsreihe "Transparenz" des Instituts für Architektur und Raumentwicklung (Frontalunterrricht)
Teilnahme und Mitarbeit an Tutorials, in denen die Vorträge gemeinsam ausgewertet und reflektiert werden (Gruppenarbeit)
Selbststudium zu Thema Transparenz
mündliche und schriftliche Präsentation der eigenen Position zum Thema Transparenz

Die Studierenden erhalten einen Überblick über die aktuelle stadt- und architekturtheoretische Diskussion zum Transparenzbegriff.Die Studierenden sind fähig, die verschiedenen Positionen zum Transparenzbegriff kritisch zu reflektieren und zu ihrer eigenen Forschung in Beziehung zu setzen.Die Studierenden können eine eigene theoretische Position zum Transparenzbegriff formulieren.

Exemplary reading material:
Alloa, Emmanuel (2016), «Radikaler Durchblick», in: NZZ
Archplus 144/145 (1998), Kommende Transparenz
Dörries, Cornelia (2014), „Ganz schön durchsichtig“, in: Deutsches Architektenblatt online, http://dabonline.de/2014/03/27/ganz-schon-durchsichtig-glasfronten-transparenz-beobachtung-licht/
Feuerstein, Günther (2013), Open space: transparency freedom dematerialisation
Fischer, Rudolf (2012), Licht und Transparenz. Der Fabrikbau und das Neue Bauen in den Architekturzeitschriften der Moderne
Frick, Karin (2011), Das Zeitalter der Transparenz, GDI Studie Nr.36
Henschel, Antonia (Hg.) (2015), Crystal clear vision
Herzog, Jacques/ de Meuron, Pierre (2016), Trügerische Transparenz
Holert, Tom (2000), Imageineering. Visuelle Kultur und Politik der Sichtbarkeit
Janson, Stephan A./ Schröter, Eckhard/ Stehr, Nico (Hg.) (2010), Transparenz. Multidisziplinäre Durchsichten durch Phänomene und Theorien des Undurchsichtigen
Lobe, Adrian (2017), «Der falsche Glanz der Transparenz», in: NZZ
Neundlinger, Klaus (2005), Einübung ins Aufbegehren. Ein Beitrag zur Materialgeschichte des Glases
Roesler, Sascha (2007), “Vom Glashaus zum gläsernen Menschen: Transparenz als Ideologie der Moderne, in: Kunst + Architektur in der Schweiz, S. 30-38
Rowe, Colin/ Slutzky, Robert (1997), Transparenz [1968]
Scheerbart, Paul (1914), Glasarchitektur
Schneider, Manfred (2013), Transparenztraum: Literatur, Politik, Medien und das Unmögliche
www.transparencies.de
Weller, Bernhard/ Tasche, Silke (Hg.) (2016), Glasbau 2016
Wildrich, Mechtild (2015), «I'll be Your Mirror.' Transparency, Voyeurism and Glass Architecture, » in Henriette Steiner, Kristin Veel (eds.), Negotiating (In)visibilities

Teilnahme an den Abendvorträgen der Vortragsreihe Transparenz des Instituts für Architektur und Raumentwicklung im Herbstsemester 2017/18 oder im Sommersemester 2018 (voraussichtlich jeweils 3 Vorträge). Die Vorträge finden unregelmässig am Donnerstagabend statt.
Teilnahme an den Tutorials nach den jeweiligen Vorträgen, in denen die Vorträge gemeinsam mit anderen Doktoranden und der Dozierenden diskutiert und in einen Zusammenhang gebracht werden.
Verfassen eines Artikels (3-5 Seiten), in dem das Thema Transparenz reflektiert und eine eigene Position gefunden wird. Abhängig von der Qualität des Artikels ist eine Veröffentlichung in der geplanten Publikation zur Vortragsreihe möglich.
Teilnahme an der Kick-Off Veranstaltung sowie weiteren Zwischenbesprechungen in Absprache mit der Dozierenden.

Modul 5 vertieft Aspekte des Wealth Management. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf finanzwirtschaftlichen Entscheidungen im Wealth Planning, sowie auf Aspekten des Behavioural Finance im Zuge des Wealth Managements. Zudem werden spezielle Aspekte im Wealth Management untersucht, z.B. Cross-Border-Aspekte und Philanthropie. Dabei werden Grundlagen aus den vorangegangenen Modulen 2, 3 und 4 vertieft und auch angewendet.

> Finanzwirtschaftliche Entscheidungen im Wealth Planning
> Philanthropie im Wealth Management
> Behavioral Finance
> Spezielle Aspekte des Wealth Managements (Versicherungen)

Modul 4 befasst sich mit der nationalen und internationalen Besteuerung von Vermögensstrukturen und Vermögensstrukturierungsinstrumenten in der Form von Stiftungen, Anstalten und Trusts sowie privat platzierten Lebensversicherungen in den vier deutschsprachigen Ländern Liechtenstein, Deutschland, Österreich und Schweiz. In diesem Zusammenhang wird wiederholend auf die Besteuerung natürlicher und juristischer Personen sowie die Erhebung verschiedener Formen der Nachlass-, Erbschafts- und Schenkungssteuern eingegangen. Zudem erhalten die Studierenden einen Überblick über die teilweise vorhandenen Wegzugsbesteuerungen in den 4 deutschsprachigen Steuerjurisdiktionen sowie bestehende Erbschaftsteuer-DBA. Die steuerliche Behandlung der behandelten Vermögensstrukturen als Instrumente des International Private Wealth Managements wird in Form von grenzüberschreitenden Fallstudien grundlegend vertieft. Darüber hinaus erfolgt eine Vermittlung grundlegender Kenntnisse des Steuerstrafrechts in Liechtenstein, Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz.

Interaktive Vorlesung mit Fallbeispielen

Die Studierenden erwerben folgende Fachkompetenzen:
Sie

• sind mit der nationalen Besteuerung von transparenten und intransparenten Stiftungen, Trusts und Anstalten in Liechtenstein sowie – soweit in der nationalen Rechtsordnung kodifiziert – in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz vertraut
• kennen die steuerliche Behandlung liechtensteinischer und ausländischer Stiftungen, Trusts und Anstalten in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
• sind mit der Besteuerung von Gesellschaftern, Stiftern, Errichtern und Begünstigten in Liechtenstein, Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz vertraut
• kennen die steuerliche Behandlung intransparenter liechtensteinischer privat platzierter liechtensteinischer Lebensversicherungsverträge, insbesondere die Besteuerung des/der Versicherungsnehmer/s, des/der Begünstigten und/oder Erben sowie des Versicherungsunternehmens in Liechtenstein, Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
• können bestehende Doppelbesteuerungen grenzüberschreitender Fälle durch Anwendung unilateraler Massnahmen und bilateraler Abkommen vermindern oder zur Gänze vermeiden
• sind in der Lage, die gewonnenen Kenntnisse auf konkrete praxisorientierte Fallbeispiele anzuwenden
• kennen die nationalen Bestimmungen betreffend das Steuerstrafrecht in Liechtenstein, Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz

The main objective is to provide opportunities of engagement at a high level of research development, and of networking at international conferences. The focus is on presenting and arguing the PhD candidates' research in a competitive and international scientific environment. Paper submissions are to be vetted through an expert academic committee. This module is to develop the communicative competence of candidates. Students participating in this module will find themselves in an internationally acknowledged conference in architecture and planning suitable to their area of focus. They will receive critical comments and feedback on their research project by experienced faculty members, conference delegates and other student participants.

Preparation of paper and presentation

The primary objective of the conference participation and paper presentation is to present, argue and advance the candidates' doctoral research in an international, scientifically relevant conference.

Successful participation will strengthen students' understanding of competitive scientific discourse, documentation and career development through conference participation and publishing.

The students will be assessed in this module through:

• competitive paper review process
• line of argument and discourse
• formal presentation aspects
• research paper presentation
• event report and evaluation
• quality of proceedings publication

Module availability:
In coordination with supervisor: upon application and successful submission of a paper at an international conference relevant to the focus of the candidates' dissertation, in architectural design theory; low-carbon building technology and building integrated sustainability systems; or sustainable spatial development, urban and regional planning and design, or an approved related field.

Details with Schedule

Role of the module in the doctoral study plan
The module is required as a cross-faculty course in the preparation phase of the doctoral programs “Architecture and Planning” and “Business Economics”.

Description
Subject definition
This module supports formal research training at the doctoral level by focusing on fundamental aspects of research design, particularly through the lens of the special disciplines, styles of inquiry and cultures of learning at the University of Liechtenstein. It also helps to develop research management skills.
Research design describes 'the structure of any scientific work. It gives direction and systematizes the research. Different types of research designs have different advantages and disadvantages.'1 In technical terms a typical research design is a detailed outline of how an investigation will take place. A research design will typically include how data is to be collected, what instruments will be employed, how the instruments will be used and the intended means for analysing data collected.
Research management skills, or so called transferable skills, comprise the ability to manage projects, be self-motivated and autonomous, network internationally, to think analytically and to be creative, inquisitive and original. In combining both research design and management skills, the University of Liechtenstein aligns itself with aspirations of the League of European Research Universities (LERU). It calls for an innovative doctoral education that brings together cohorts of candidates and includes elements of professional development training. This combination nurtures a range of skills that help PhD candidates to be more effective in their research projects but also to nurture abilities that will be useful in their future lives and careers.

To provide a tailored program, the PhD students attend one topic of ‘Specialisation according to PhD study’ (4 taught lecture units). In addition to this, the PhD students select five topics from the pool of “General academic and technical skills” and participate in all of the topics from the pool “Personal and professional management skills”. The features of the series “Personal and professional management skills” are open lectures, and every interested staff member is invited to join and listen.

Specific academic and technical skills

• Introduction to Research Design (mandatory: two taught units)

Specialisation according to PhD study

Mandatory: One topic from this group (four taught units per topic), according to the student’s focus area

• Research Design for Business Process Management
• Research Design for Finance
• Research Design for Entrepreneurship
• Research Design for Sustainable Building
• Research Design for Sustainable Urban Design and Planning
• Research Design for Architectural Theory

General academic and technical skills
Electives: Students have to select 5 topics from this group (two taught units per topic)

• Use and types of Observations and Surveys
• Intervention and Evaluation Research Design
• Experimental Research Design
• Correlational Research Design
• Panel Data: Fixed and Random Effects
• Big Data Skills
• Literature Reviews
• Concepts of Time-Series Econometrics
• Inquiry by design
• Round table Experience of tutors I
• Round table Experience of tutors II
• Round table Experience of PhD students I
• Round table Experience of PhD students II

Personal and professional management skills
Mandatory (one taught unit per topic)

• Ethics
• Publication process
• International doctoral exchange / PhD network
• Project management
• Intrapersonal & Self-leadership Skills
• Interpersonal & Leadership Skills
• Written & Oral Communication
• Grant application process

Interactive, seminar style presentations and discussions

• The course aims to develop a range of skills that help PhD candidates to be more effective in their dissertation research but also to work on a broader range of transferable and widely applicable skills that will be useful in their future lives and careers, qualifying them as competent researchers beyond the assembly and execution of their particular dissertations.By imparting skills in research design and management, and an appreciation of modes of independent modes of insight acquisition, this module pursues high academic aims. It provides an understanding of the logic and procedures involved in the discovery and formation of knowledge, of the planned development, interpretation and sharing of evidence and findings, and the conception and architecture of research programs and projects in this pursuit. It presents specific personal andacademic competencies supporting this quest. Participants will learn to appreciate the structure and performance of successful research endeavours. They will acquire conceptual and technical skills needed for designing their own research approaches, styles and methodical constructs.After completing the module, students will be able toappreciate the value of a sound research design and well constructed research project architecture independently conduct resarch design and method recherches and evaluate and select options assemble and test research designs for their own projects, evolving dynamic models capable of being optimised over time embark on a self-propelled path towards mastering a range of essential time, resource and other research management skills speak the language of research design and management, and converse reflectively with teams in house and internationally develop personal yet professional and continually evolving research styles and customise management and communication options responsibly devise research programspursue their funding and establish their standing in the published research communities appreciate the range of research styles and cultures across the University of Liechtenstein and in wider research communities

• Teaching aims are toprovide an overview about current approaches to research designbuild abilities to evaluate research design cases from a diversity of fieldsimpart an ability to develop the research design for their dissertationdevelop a broader understanding of and skills in research design across different topics and styles and inquirynurture the ability to initiate, fund, manage, promote and publish projectshelp participants in their quest to become more self-motivated and autonomousassist in developing cooperative frames locally, and networks internationallybuild confidence in analytic and creative thoughtpromote curiosity, inquisitiveness and originality in research.

A detailed module handbook, reading resources and corresponding handouts will be available.
The following books illustrate some of the most elementary aspects:
Cresswell, J.W. 2009. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative & Mixed Method Approaches. Sage
Denzen, N.K. and Y.S. Lincoln. 2002. The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Sage
Groat, L. and D. Wang. 2002. Architectural research methods. Wiley
Recker, J. 2013. Scientific Research in Information Systems: A Beginner’s Guide. Springer
Saunders, M.N.K., P. Lewis, and A. Thornhill. 2012. Research Methods for Business Students, Pearson
Zeisel, J. 2006. Inquiry by Design: Environment/Behavior/Neuroscience in Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, and Planning. W.W. Norton

• The students will be assessed in this module througha seminar paper,the presentation and defence of the seminar paper,and their participation in class.In the seminar paper the students will be asked to outline and discuss a potential research design for their dissertation. That way, the seminar paper builds on knowledge acquired in the course, and it serves to transfer this knowledge to the students’ individual PhD project. Attendance of all mandatory and selected classes as well as the presentations is expected; 80% attendance is required for a positive grade.

In the defence the doctoral students prove whether they have fulfilled the requirements of the dissertation.

The defence can be held when the dissertation has been recommended for acceptance in the written appraisal of the supervisors and each supervisor has awarded a minimum grade of 4.0.

The Doctoral Examination Board holds the defence and determines which grade is awarded.

The doctoral consortium is an opportunity to sharpen and deepen both focus and methods of research, supervised by a group of external professors and/or advisors. It is designed to foster the presentational, critical and discursive skills in a group of international peers. By submitting their work-in-progress and interim results to an international doctoral consortium candidates also learn how to position their work in a competitive research environment.
Applications are refereed through an academic committee. Participants benefit from understanding others' experiences and results and receive valuable feedback from consortium chairs and other participants. A joint publication is to result from a consortium. A doctoral consortium will take the form of a multi-institution and often international seminar, workshop or summer school - an example can be found on www.dokonara.org, the consortium on sustainable spatial development our University participates in each year.

Students will be assisted by lecturers of the Institute of Architecture and Planning at the University of Liechtenstein in preparing their proposal and application for their doctoral consortium participation. Insights acquired will be discussed and reinforced by your doctoral supervisor and other advisors at the University of Liechtenstein.

The primary objective of the doctoral consortium is for the candidates' doctoral research to be presented, argued and advanced in an international and scientific setting.

Successful participation will strengthen research content, method and students' ability to engage in focused, critical discourse.

The students will be assessed in this module through:

• competitive selection process of the doctoral consortium
• research paper submitted to the doctoral consortium
• assessment by the Professors reviewing proposals at the doctoral consortium

Module availability:
In coordination with supervisor: upon application at an international doctoral consortium, e. g. international doctoral research workshops, seminars or symposia on architectural design theory; low-carbon building technology and building integrated sustainability systems; or sustainable spatial development, urban and regional planning and design, or an approved related field.

Doctoral students in Architecture and Planning require reflection of the epistemological and ontological foundations of their research projects; as well as experience in the use of qualitative research methods. The individually tutored, research-based investigative project will complement the module Research Design; it is tailored to the needs of the individual student and covers a selection of the following and other related topics:

• Research design
• Theoretical frameworks and epistemological approaches in architecture and planning
• Qualitative research methods
• Inquiry by design and action research
• Interdisciplinary research strategies

Participant centered learning approach consisting of inquiry into the literature, cases and best practices in a structured process of self-study, concluded by a presentation as well as a paper submission.

The students will be able to

• understand and be conversant in the ontological and epistemological foundations of their research work
• differentiate between different research paradigms
• design research projects according to their goals and research questions
• select, reflect and apply suitable research methods
• successfully present their methodology to a group of academics in form of a presentation and a paper

Required readings:

Groat, L. and D. Wang (2002) Architectural research methods. New York: J. Wiley

Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design: an interactive approach. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.



Further suggested readings:

Arnheim, R. (1969). Visual Thinking. Berkley, CA: University of California Press (especially chapters 1,2,3).

Borden, I., & Rüedi, K. (2014). The dissertation: a guide for architecture students (Third Edition). London: Routledge.

Burnett, R. (2004). How Images Think. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Chalmers, A. F. (1999). What is this thing called science?: an assessment of the nature and status of science and its methods. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press.

Crary, J. (1990). Techniques of the Observer. Cambridge, MA: October Book/ MIT Press.

Cresswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Eisenhardt, K. M. & Graebner, M. E. (2007). "Theory Building from Cases: Opportunities and Challenges." Academy of Management Journal 50(1): 25-32.

Farthing, S. M. (2016). Research design in urban planning: a student's guide. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

Lorenz, T. & Staub, P. (2011). Mediating Architecture. London: AA Publications.

Merleau-Ponty, M. (1958). Phenomenology of Perception. London: Routledge.

Sarvimäki, M. (2017). Case study strategies for architects and designers: integrative data research methods. New York: Routledge.

The students will be assessed in this module through:

• Paper
• Presentation

A personalised working-schedule and tutorial times for participants will be agreed in due time.

The research proposal must include a description of the dissertation as a research agenda and of the methodical approach. In the colloquium on the research proposal, doctoral students shall present their dissertation project and provide reasons for their chosen approach.

Details are listed in the Implementing Provisions concerning the Doctorate Regulations

The supervisor and the co-supervisor decide on the acceptance of the research proposal and recommend a grade.